top of page

BROADER CONTRACTUAL FRAMEWORK COVERAGE

Upstream oil & gas and CCS projects are governed not only by primary upstream & CCS framework agreements, but by a broad network of interrelated commercial, operational, infrastructure, financing, and service agreements. Where such agreements contain explicit audit rights, directly influence joint account charges, cost recovery mechanisms, entitlement calculations, or partner funding obligations, they form an integral part of the relevant audit scope. Depending on materiality and contractual structure, these agreements are reviewed either within broader Joint Venture Audits or through dedicated standalone audit engagements.

Shared Service Agreements (Platforms, Plants) - visual selection_edited_edited.png

Shared Service Agreements (Platforms, Plants)

These agreements are typically entered into between the Operator and other license holders or affiliated infrastructure owners for the joint use of platforms, plants or export facilities. They define tariff structures, cost recovery mechanisms and allocation keys.

Underlying cost pools and allocation methodologies are reviewed. It is verified that only eligible OPEX and approved CAPEX are included in the tariff base. Allocation keys and recovery calculations are recalculated to ensure correct charging to the Joint Account.

Transportation, Tariff & Processing Agreements - visual selection_edited_edited.png

Transportation, Tariff & Processing Agreements

These agreements are concluded between the Operator (or partner group) and pipeline operators, terminal owners or third-party processors. They define tariff mechanisms, capacity bookings and throughput commitments.

Tariff calculations and billed volumes are reconciled with contractual terms. Capacity charges, penalties and indexation adjustments are recalculated. It is assessed whether all charges are contractually chargeable to the Joint Account.

Unitization & Lifting Agreements - visual selection_edited.png

Unitization &
Lifting Agreements

These agreements are entered into between adjacent concessionaires, contractors, or license holders and their respective governments to regulate cross-boundary production. They define equity shares, entitlement volumes and lifting mechanisms.

Entitlement calculations and lifting statements are recalculated and reconciled. Cost allocations between unit areas are reviewed for contractual consistency. Imbalance settlements and related Joint Account impacts are verified

Infrastructure Tie-In Agreements - visual selection_edited.png

Infrastructure Tie-In
Agreements

These agreements are entered into between the Operator of a host facility and a third-party license holder, contractor, or participating partner seeking access to existing infrastructure. They define technical integration terms, entry fees, capacity rights and cost sharing for modifications or upgrades.

Entry fees and infrastructure modification costs are reviewed for contractual eligibility and allocation methodology. It is verified whether CAPEX adjustments to the host facility are properly allocated between existing and tie-in partners. Tariff base adjustments and ongoing operating cost sharing impacts on the Joint Account are recalculated and validated.

Decommissioning Security Agreements - visual selection.png

Decommissioning Security Agreements

These agreements are typically entered into between license holders or contractors and the host government to secure future abandonment obligations. They define financial security mechanisms such as guarantees, trust funds, escrow accounts or letters of credit.

Security contribution calculations and funding schedules are reviewed for contractual compliance. It is assessed whether security costs (fees, guarantee charges, funding contributions) are eligible for Joint Account charging. The timing and allocation of funding obligations between partners are verified.

Abandonment Agreements - visual selection_edited.png

Abandonment
Agreements

These agreements are concluded between joint venture partners to regulate the internal allocation of decommissioning and abandonment costs. They define cost-sharing principles, especially where participating interests have changed over time.

Cost allocation formulas are recalculated based on historical and current equity positions. It is verified whether abandonment expenditures are charged in accordance with agreed liability splits. Adjustments resulting from farm-outs, asset transfers or late-life restructuring are reconciled to ensure accurate impact on the Joint Account.

Drilling & EPC Contracts - visual selection_edited.png

Drilling & EPC Contracts

These agreements are concluded between existing and incoming or outgoing license holders, contractors, or participating partners to transfer participating interests. They define carry obligations, reimbursement mechanisms and effective dates.

Transferred historical costs and carry calculations are verified. Settlement adjustments between partners are reviewed. Pre- and post-effective-date cost allocations impacting the Joint Account are tested.

Master Service Agreements (MSAs) - visual selection_edited.png

Master Service Agreements (MSAs)

MSAs are entered into between the Operator and service providers to establish standardized commercial terms. Individual services are executed through work orders.

Billed rates and work orders are reconciled with agreed price schedules. Mark-ups and ancillary costs are reviewed for contractual compliance. Charges are assessed for correct allocation to the Joint Account.

Intercompany & Secondment Agreements - visual selection_edited.png

Intercompany &
Secondment Agreements

These agreements are concluded between affiliated group entities for the provision of personnel or corporate services. Charges are typically calculated on a cost-plus basis.

Cost bases and applied mark-ups are reviewed for transparency. Time allocations are reconciled with project structures. Affiliate charges are assessed for contractual eligibility and correct Joint Account allocation.

Farm-In _ Farm-Out & Assignment Agreements - visual selection_edited.png

Farm-In / Farm-Out &
Assignment Agreements

These agreements are concluded between existing and incoming or outgoing license holders, contractors, or participating partners to transfer participating interests. They define carry obligations, reimbursement mechanisms and effective dates.

Transferred historical costs and carry calculations are verified.

 

Settlement adjustments between partners are reviewed. Pre- and post-effective-date cost allocations impacting the Joint Account are tested.

Sales & Purchase Agreements - visual selection_edited.png

Sales &
Purchase Agreements

These agreements are entered into between selling and acquiring entities for the transfer of upstream assets, licenses or shares. They define completion accounts, effective dates and purchase price adjustment mechanisms.

Completion statements and working capital adjustments are reconciled to Joint Account balances. Cost cut-off between pre- and post-completion periods is verified. Leakage claims, indemnities and transitional billing impacts on the Joint Account are reviewed.

Financing & Reserve-Based Lending Structures - visual selection_edited.png

Financing & Reserve-Based Lending Structures

These agreements are entered into between license holders, contractors, parent entities, or participating partners and financial institutions. They define interest mechanisms, fee structures, security arrangements, and repayment terms.

Interest and fee calculations are recalculated. It is assessed whether financing costs are contractually chargeable to the Joint Account. Any improper allocation of corporate financing costs is identified.

bottom of page